Diplomacy Blossoms: The Secret History of DC's Favorite Tree
April 30, 2014
It is late March in Washington DC, well into the world’s most popular tree blossom festival; and yet winter, like a sozzled old man in a bar, is dragging its feet out the door. Underfoot the ground gives a little, sodden with melted snow. Jinsam Choi walks behind former SIS Dean Louis Goodman with caution so as not to scuff his shoes. Choi is a documentary filmmaker from the Korean Broadcasting System putting together a feature on the species Prunus yeodoensis, known to many as cherry blossoms and to less as Yoshino cherry trees. In the last few years, new evidence has shed light on where the trees originated and Choi is hoping to document these discoveries in time for the year’s annual flowering. Accompanied by a translator and assistant, Choi follows Goodman behind the East Quad building where a small grove of aging cherry trees droops over the landscape. Choi fixes his camera on the former dean, who, standing before the old School of International Service, begins to recount a story of war, beauty and science: it is the story behind the Korean cherry trees of American University.
***
April, 1943: a different crowd stood together alongside Nebraska Avenue. Far from the theater of the Pacific where America was fast at war with Japan, a Harvard-educated Korean politician named Syngman Rhee bent down to plant the first cherry tree at American University. AU students, faculty and Korean women in traditional hanboks gathered about him with folk music ringing in the air. As Rhee spread soil over the sapling, AU President Paul Frederick Douglass read from the Korean Declaration of Independence. The goal of the ceremony: to bring an end to Japan’s nearly 40-year occupation of Korea. For the white-haired Dr. Rhee, this was denouement to a lifetime spent in waiting.
A new book by scholar Young Ick Lew titled, “The Making of the First Korean President,” details Rhee’s campaign to win over American public opinion and liberate Korea from Japanese control, a feat in which American University itself played a role. Rhee, who went from political prisoner to a student at Harvard and Yale to president of the Korean provisional government in exile, worked in Washington DC to rally political allies for his cause. One was the 37-year-old Douglass, whose parents had been Christian missionaries in Korea during the 1930s. While it is not known how the two men met, according to Lew, Rhee installed Douglass as the head of the Christian Friends of Korea (CFK), a newly-formed organization composed of religious associates and other missionaries. With the CFK, Douglass urged members to lobby their representatives for Korean independence.
By the tree planting in 1943, anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States was rampant. After the attack on Pearl Harbor two years earlier, four Tidal Basin cherry trees were cut down by vandals in suspected retaliation. All around the country, the government interned Japanese Americans in camps, and soon even began referring to the Yoshinos along the Tidal Basin as “Oriental” cherry trees.
With the trees’ reputation on the wan, Rhee saw an opportunity. The cherry trees, Rhee said, were another example of the Japanese exploiting Korean resources. On the day of the planting, he claimed in his speech that the species originated in Korea, announcing to the crowd that this grove would reclaim from history the original ownership of the Yoshino from Japan. They would be known as “Korean Cherry Trees.”
Though he was heard loud and clear, Syngman Rhee’s claims would go unsubstantiated for nearly 70 years.

After the war, Rhee became the first democratically elected Korean president. But for all his hopeful idealism, Rhee turned despotic. His southern regime brutally and routinely repressed the slightest inkling of communism. This manifested itself tragically in 1948 on Jeju island—an ancient landscape of trees, mountains and waterfalls just off the south coast of the peninsula. In the early spring, amid the island’s flowering trees, an episode of police violence incited a communist uprising. Rhee’s government sent in paramilitary troops against the insurrection, and Rhee himself declared martial law on the island. A truth commission has since reported over 14,000 deaths from the rebellion. Eventually, a group of students successfully called on him to resign, and Rhee disappeared from South Korea’s political arena in 1960 at age 84. He died in 1965. Today, Rhee is remembered as a quazi- democratic dictator, best known for his stern anti-communist actions.
***
On the top shelf in Dean Goodman’s office in the new SIS building rests a porcelain bowl of light turquoise, a present from South Korean president Kim Young-sam. The gift is one of many items from the country collected over the years. No longer the dean, Goodman still teaches classes in the SIS, under the title “Dean Emeritus.” Goodman still remembers what first piqued his interest in the trees.
Upon his appointment to the dean of AU’s School of International Service in 1986, Goodman set himself up in an office overlooking Nebraska Avenue. Each spring, he recalls, long black limousines would pull up unannounced, and out would come groups of older Korean men. From his office, he watched as one after another approached the blooming cherry trees to tie a thread around them.
“I would go out and say, ‘Welcome—what are you doing here?’ And they had no idea it was American University,” Goodman said. Many of these men, he learned, participated in the Korean independence movement. They were at AU to pay homage to the struggle’s most famous participant, Syngman Rhee. The threads were a wish-making tradition in Korean culture.
“There was a knowledge in the Korean community about these trees. Korean Americans and Koreans, not just in Washington, but from New York, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles, would come here,” Goodman said.
But his full understanding of their significance was still years away.
In 2005, the Korean ambassador to the United States, Lee Tae-sik, approached Goodman at a diplomatic reception. Lee was curious about AU’s grove: was what Syngman Rhee believed about the trees’ origins true? Were they in fact Korean?
For years, the ambassador’s inquest went unanswered, but in time, the truth would bud anew. In 2009, a pair of researchers looked into the matter on their own. Dr. Eun Jeu Cheong, a Korean American working for the United States Department of Agriculture’s research division and Dr. Chan Soo Kim of the Korea Forest Research Institute took several cuttings from AU’s trees. Using the leaves’ DNA, Cheong cross-analyzed the trees with the Tidal Basin specimens. Not only were AU’s trees the same as those along the Tidal Basin, but they both shared genetic material with the wild cherry trees of Jeju island. Dr. Cheong confirmed what had gone unrecognized for centuries: the trees were originally from Korea. Syngman Rhee was right.
Upon hearing the findings, Goodman flew to Korea with Cheong and Kim to present the results at the Korean Foreign Research Institute’s annual conference. News of the discovery rocked the event’s organizers so drastically that Dr. Cheong’s findings became the theme of the conference. The Institute even decided to hold the conference on Jeju island.
Traveling with the scientists and a prominent Korean member of the SIS faculty, Goodman was met with gratitude and plaudits. But one event from the trip still causes him to bristle. At a dinner conference where many locals from the island had come to hear the team’s findings, Goodman began to tell the story with the help of a translator. When he mentioned Rhee’s name, he said that the audience “just went cold.” He later realized that he was speaking to the descendants of the residents killed in the 1948 massacre who still harbored the resentment of unrighted wrongs.
But Goodman knew that this shared history was larger than an individual. On the last day of his trip, Goodman reached Gwaneumsa. At the foot of Mount Halla mountain, an ancient Buddhist temple stands among the original Yoshinos which have grown wildly since anyone can remember. In April’s light mist, he looked out to the the endless blossom of pink swaying in the wind.
***
The campus where Choi and his documentary crew stand could hardly be more different than the planting ceremony 71 years before. Today, a busy stretch of Nebraska Avenue cuts right behind the grove, and numerous buildings and offices have risen. Today, the Yoshinos are dying. Each year, the campus arboretum has to remove dying limbs and trunks from the trees, a process which by now has littered their structures with stumps and scars. But still and unaltered is an exchange of stories and friendship, which will take place in an air of understanding, even diplomacy. Goodman looks to Choi and his crew with a countenance befitting to the ceremony.
“Today what we all want is for Korea and Japan to get over it,” he said. “[And] to recognize that it’s a shared culture. There are lots of things that are shared between Korea and Japan and these cherry trees could be [one of them]. They came originally from Korea. Their growth was improved by the Japanese when they cultivated them for more than 100 years and this a joint contribution to the world. Because these cherry trees not only grow in Japan, Korea, and the United States but
all over the world. And they’re very beautiful.” •
***
April, 1943: a different crowd stood together alongside Nebraska Avenue. Far from the theater of the Pacific where America was fast at war with Japan, a Harvard-educated Korean politician named Syngman Rhee bent down to plant the first cherry tree at American University. AU students, faculty and Korean women in traditional hanboks gathered about him with folk music ringing in the air. As Rhee spread soil over the sapling, AU President Paul Frederick Douglass read from the Korean Declaration of Independence. The goal of the ceremony: to bring an end to Japan’s nearly 40-year occupation of Korea. For the white-haired Dr. Rhee, this was denouement to a lifetime spent in waiting.
A new book by scholar Young Ick Lew titled, “The Making of the First Korean President,” details Rhee’s campaign to win over American public opinion and liberate Korea from Japanese control, a feat in which American University itself played a role. Rhee, who went from political prisoner to a student at Harvard and Yale to president of the Korean provisional government in exile, worked in Washington DC to rally political allies for his cause. One was the 37-year-old Douglass, whose parents had been Christian missionaries in Korea during the 1930s. While it is not known how the two men met, according to Lew, Rhee installed Douglass as the head of the Christian Friends of Korea (CFK), a newly-formed organization composed of religious associates and other missionaries. With the CFK, Douglass urged members to lobby their representatives for Korean independence.
By the tree planting in 1943, anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States was rampant. After the attack on Pearl Harbor two years earlier, four Tidal Basin cherry trees were cut down by vandals in suspected retaliation. All around the country, the government interned Japanese Americans in camps, and soon even began referring to the Yoshinos along the Tidal Basin as “Oriental” cherry trees.
With the trees’ reputation on the wan, Rhee saw an opportunity. The cherry trees, Rhee said, were another example of the Japanese exploiting Korean resources. On the day of the planting, he claimed in his speech that the species originated in Korea, announcing to the crowd that this grove would reclaim from history the original ownership of the Yoshino from Japan. They would be known as “Korean Cherry Trees.”
Though he was heard loud and clear, Syngman Rhee’s claims would go unsubstantiated for nearly 70 years.

After the war, Rhee became the first democratically elected Korean president. But for all his hopeful idealism, Rhee turned despotic. His southern regime brutally and routinely repressed the slightest inkling of communism. This manifested itself tragically in 1948 on Jeju island—an ancient landscape of trees, mountains and waterfalls just off the south coast of the peninsula. In the early spring, amid the island’s flowering trees, an episode of police violence incited a communist uprising. Rhee’s government sent in paramilitary troops against the insurrection, and Rhee himself declared martial law on the island. A truth commission has since reported over 14,000 deaths from the rebellion. Eventually, a group of students successfully called on him to resign, and Rhee disappeared from South Korea’s political arena in 1960 at age 84. He died in 1965. Today, Rhee is remembered as a quazi- democratic dictator, best known for his stern anti-communist actions.
***
On the top shelf in Dean Goodman’s office in the new SIS building rests a porcelain bowl of light turquoise, a present from South Korean president Kim Young-sam. The gift is one of many items from the country collected over the years. No longer the dean, Goodman still teaches classes in the SIS, under the title “Dean Emeritus.” Goodman still remembers what first piqued his interest in the trees.
Upon his appointment to the dean of AU’s School of International Service in 1986, Goodman set himself up in an office overlooking Nebraska Avenue. Each spring, he recalls, long black limousines would pull up unannounced, and out would come groups of older Korean men. From his office, he watched as one after another approached the blooming cherry trees to tie a thread around them.
“I would go out and say, ‘Welcome—what are you doing here?’ And they had no idea it was American University,” Goodman said. Many of these men, he learned, participated in the Korean independence movement. They were at AU to pay homage to the struggle’s most famous participant, Syngman Rhee. The threads were a wish-making tradition in Korean culture.
“There was a knowledge in the Korean community about these trees. Korean Americans and Koreans, not just in Washington, but from New York, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles, would come here,” Goodman said.
But his full understanding of their significance was still years away.
In 2005, the Korean ambassador to the United States, Lee Tae-sik, approached Goodman at a diplomatic reception. Lee was curious about AU’s grove: was what Syngman Rhee believed about the trees’ origins true? Were they in fact Korean?
For years, the ambassador’s inquest went unanswered, but in time, the truth would bud anew. In 2009, a pair of researchers looked into the matter on their own. Dr. Eun Jeu Cheong, a Korean American working for the United States Department of Agriculture’s research division and Dr. Chan Soo Kim of the Korea Forest Research Institute took several cuttings from AU’s trees. Using the leaves’ DNA, Cheong cross-analyzed the trees with the Tidal Basin specimens. Not only were AU’s trees the same as those along the Tidal Basin, but they both shared genetic material with the wild cherry trees of Jeju island. Dr. Cheong confirmed what had gone unrecognized for centuries: the trees were originally from Korea. Syngman Rhee was right.
Upon hearing the findings, Goodman flew to Korea with Cheong and Kim to present the results at the Korean Foreign Research Institute’s annual conference. News of the discovery rocked the event’s organizers so drastically that Dr. Cheong’s findings became the theme of the conference. The Institute even decided to hold the conference on Jeju island.
Traveling with the scientists and a prominent Korean member of the SIS faculty, Goodman was met with gratitude and plaudits. But one event from the trip still causes him to bristle. At a dinner conference where many locals from the island had come to hear the team’s findings, Goodman began to tell the story with the help of a translator. When he mentioned Rhee’s name, he said that the audience “just went cold.” He later realized that he was speaking to the descendants of the residents killed in the 1948 massacre who still harbored the resentment of unrighted wrongs.
But Goodman knew that this shared history was larger than an individual. On the last day of his trip, Goodman reached Gwaneumsa. At the foot of Mount Halla mountain, an ancient Buddhist temple stands among the original Yoshinos which have grown wildly since anyone can remember. In April’s light mist, he looked out to the the endless blossom of pink swaying in the wind.
***
The campus where Choi and his documentary crew stand could hardly be more different than the planting ceremony 71 years before. Today, a busy stretch of Nebraska Avenue cuts right behind the grove, and numerous buildings and offices have risen. Today, the Yoshinos are dying. Each year, the campus arboretum has to remove dying limbs and trunks from the trees, a process which by now has littered their structures with stumps and scars. But still and unaltered is an exchange of stories and friendship, which will take place in an air of understanding, even diplomacy. Goodman looks to Choi and his crew with a countenance befitting to the ceremony.
“Today what we all want is for Korea and Japan to get over it,” he said. “[And] to recognize that it’s a shared culture. There are lots of things that are shared between Korea and Japan and these cherry trees could be [one of them]. They came originally from Korea. Their growth was improved by the Japanese when they cultivated them for more than 100 years and this a joint contribution to the world. Because these cherry trees not only grow in Japan, Korea, and the United States but
all over the world. And they’re very beautiful.” •
Photo courtesy of Paul Davis
